0 - 1 - 2 white wheat «ak bugdai» and two-row barley. This allowed to conclude that Central Asia was one of the first regions on the earth where men began to use cultivated kinds of grain.     The discovered bones of home animals - horses, sheep, long-horned bulls, camels - baktrians - testified to transition of men to settled life. R.Pampelli wrote: «Transition of men from the level of barbarity to the civilization shows us the starting point of domestication of animals and the beginning of control by the person of horses which allowed him to develop the world». The name «culture of Anau» which Rafael Pampelli gave to the discovery was forever coined into the scientific terminology.     His wife who participated in the expedition rendered invaluable help in the work of the scientist. This «very brave woman», as contemporaries characterized Eliza Pampelli, on her horse appeared at the necessary minute in the necessary place. His son, Rafael Veles Pampelli, his constant co-traveler in his trips to Central Asia, appeared to be a good topographer and draftsman who perfectly knew astrolabe. He made drawings from places of excavations, made profiles and schemes of cultural layers, as well as schedules of the depth of boreholes.     However, the work so successfully started was suddenly interrupted by act of the nature - invasion of locusts.     At the end of May, on their way back, the expedition reached the city of Bairam-Ali in whose vicinities there are the ruins of ancient Merv. Statements in oriental literature that Merv was «the Mother of cities» induced to carry out excavations here. The travellers chose the ruins of G'aur-Kala - the ancient fortress destroyed, probably, even before the invasion of the Arabs.     However, as soon as the members of the expedition had begun excavations, an epidemic of intestinal illness began among them and also local workers, and it put an end to the efforts of the scientists. But, the researchers had enough time to determine that origination of the city dated back to the first centuries A.D.     «The oasis of Merv, - wrote Rafael Pampelli, - is located far in the desert. Having left it, we entered the area of sandy dunes; constructions made of boards were established along the railway to stop flying sand. In the morning we reached the bridge through the wide river Amudarya. The city of Chardzhou on the east end of the bridge is a garden site in the territory of the large coastal oasis. The city is known for its magnificence and variety of melons. The best sorts of melons are brought to the market, and each melon is placed in densely fitting net-bag».     From Chardzhou the travellers went to Bukhara, where they stopped to examine one of the most beautiful Asian cities.     Here how they saw the city hundred years ago: «We have heard a lot about the minaret Kal'an - a tower from whose majestic height the criminals sentenced to death were thrown down. Reveted with multi-coloured tiles and towering high above the city, it is a symbol of the former greatness. Nearby we saw zindan - a cave-like hole where the prisoners, stretching out their hands, stood and we gave tobacco and money for tea to them».     The huge market on its character is the most oriental one of all existing. Its narrow streets are hidden from the sun by roofs made of trellised constructions. Each kind of the goods is sold in special district.     Bukhara is well-known for the art peculiar only to it. Its silks, extremely beautiful with their color and textile, the carpets with amazing patterns, products embroidered with gold and jewelry, are characteristic only for Bukhara. We have bought lots of things on the market and nevertheless regretted later that did not buy more.     The further way of the expedition laid to Samarkand. «Samarkand, ancient Marakanda, - the scientist shared his knowledge, - from olden days was a great city - great with its extent, population and prosperity. Now it is a city with wide avenues shaded by stately poplars. Their huge trunks are smooth and green from their basis. These trees, as well as the gardens, grow really high due to the constant irrigation from the river Zaravshan.     The old city consists of dusty little streets and mud houses. Only amazing mosques and tombs of the times of Tamerlan remained from former greatness. But they are worth of making a long travel from the West, moreover they are destined to be destroyed because they are located in the zone of earthquakes.     Three medrese surround the market square, or Registan. On their magnificent facades there are portals eighty and more foots high. Creating these magnificent facades from tiles covered with enamels, the artists generously used all sources of their art to create unusual beauty of paints and compositions. There is also a destroyed mosque of favourite wife of Tamerlan Bibi-Khanym. The fragments of tiles of the mosque show the most beatiful achievement in this art. Besides, there is a number of tombs of the saints still in perfect condition. Their ornaments do not repeat each other. As a rule, the basis and the picture were first placed on the tile which then was roasted».     In vicinities of Samarkand the travellers examined a site of ancient settlement whose excavation, as well as their finds, were still ahead. «To old city, - wrote R.Pampelli, - the big hill consisting of cultural layers adjoins. It is assumed that this is a place of the city of Alexander the Great, and, according to a legend, the palace stood on its most high places. All the surface of this hill represents a crossed land. The only confirmation that once there was a city is the deepening which shows a place of water reservoir. Now it serves as an amphitheater on whose arena the local residents play their favourite horse game - «baiga».     From Samarkand Rafael Pampelli with his wife left for Europe with firm hope to return to Central Asia next year.     However, the revolutionary events of 1905 in Russia and a terrible epidemic of cholera in Turkestan did not allow R.Pampelli to carry out his plans.     Shortly before his death which happened in 1923, Rafael Pampelli wrote that the dream of forty years of his life «has come to its end with publishing the books about the civilizations of Anau, their influence on the environment and connection with the Asian and European sources».     The son of the scientist, R.V.Pampelli, a mountain engineer, after coming back to America has become the farmer. But he has not forgotten Asia. And he even named his prospering ranch «Samarkand» - in honour of the ancient Uzbek city on the river Zarafshan.